Philip II of Spain 1

Philip II of Spain 1

Philip II of Spain

 

Author: Martin Andrew Sharp Hume

 

CHAPTER I

 

Philip’s failure, and the reasons for it--His birth and infancy--His

appearance and character--His education by Siliceo and Zuñiga--The

emperor meets his son--The consolidation of authority in

Spain--Suggestions for marriage with Jeanne d’Albret--Philip made

Regent of Spain--The emperor’s instructions to his son--His system

of government--Character of his councillors--Philip’s marriage with

Maria of Portugal--Birth of Don Carlos and death of the princess--Doña

Isabel de Osorio--Philip in his domestic relations--Project for

securing to Philip the imperial crown--The suzerainty of Spain over

Italy--Philip’s voyage through Germany.....Page 1

 

CHAPTER II

 

The union of the Low Countries to Spain--The Italian suzerainty--The

effects thereof--Etiquette of the House of Burgundy adopted in

Spain--Ruy Gomez--Philip’s voyage--His unpopularity with Germans and

Flemings--Fresh proposals for his marriage--The family compact for

the imperial succession--Defection of Maurice of Saxony--War with

France--Treaty of Passau--Defeat of the emperor at Metz.....20

 

CHAPTER III

 

Proposal to marry Philip to Queen Mary of England--The need for

alliance with England--The negotiations of Renard--Opposition

of France--Unpopularity of the match in England--Philip’s voyage

to England--His affability--His first interview with Mary--The

marriage--Philip made King of Naples--Failure of the objects of the

marriage--Philip’s policy in England--Pole’s mission--Philip and the

persecution of Catholics in England--Philip’s disappointment and

departure.....30

 

CHAPTER IV

 

Philip in favour of a moderate policy in England--His attitude towards

religion generally--He requests armed aid from England against the

French--The emperor’s embarrassments in Italy--Alba made Philip’s

viceroy in Italy--Factions in Philip’s court--Ruy Gomez and Alba--The

emperor’s abdication--Philip’s changed position--His attitude towards

the papacy--The Spanish Church--Pope Paul IV. and the Spaniards in

Italy--Excommunication of Philip--Invasion of Rome by Alba--Philip’s

second visit to England.....43

 

CHAPTER V

 

French intrigue against Mary--England at war with France--Battle

of St. Quintin--Philip’s tardiness--The English contingent--The

loss of Calais--Feria goes to England--His negotiations--Condition

of England--The English fleet used by Philip--Philip and

Elizabeth--Negotiations for peace--Death of Mary--Plans for

Elizabeth’s marriage--Peace of Cateau Cambresis--Philip’s policy in

England.....53

 

CHAPTER VI

 

Philip’s plan for a French alliance--His marriage with Elizabeth

de Valois--Philip’s embarrassments in the Netherlands--De

Granvelle--Philip’s departure from Flanders--Condition of

affairs in Spain--The Spanish Church--Death of Paul IV.--The

Inquisition--Bartolomé de Carranza--Philip’s arrival and routine in

Spain--The auto de fé at Valladolid.....64

 

CHAPTER VII

 

Arrival of Elizabeth de Valois in Spain--Her influence over

Philip--Position of affairs in France--War with England--Philip’s

attitude towards France--Death of Francis II.--Spanish disaster at Los

Gelves--Position of Spain in the Mediterranean Page 79

 

CHAPTER VIII

 

Don Carlos--His relations with Elizabeth de Valois--French intrigues

for his marriage--His illness--The Cortes of Aragon--Jeanne d’Albret

and Henry of Navarre--The Council of Trent and the Inquisition--Philip

and the pope--Renewed struggles with the Turks--Siege of Malta.....88

 

CHAPTER IX

 

Troubles in the Netherlands--Granvelle’s unpopularity--William

of Orange and Egmont--Their resignation and protest--Margaret of

Parma--Assembly of the Chapter of the Golden Fleece--Riots at

Valenciennes--Discontent of the Flemish nobles--They retire from

government--Granvelle’s dismissal--The maladministration of the

States--Egmont’s mission to Spain--Philip’s policy in the States--The

Beggars--Orange’s action--Philip determines to exterminate heresy in

the States--Philip’s projected voyage thither.....99

 

CHAPTER X

 

Renewed contest between Philip and the papacy--Condition of Don

Carlos--His arrest and imprisonment--Philip’s explanations--Carlos’

last illness and death--Death of Elizabeth de Valois--The interviews

of Bayonne and the Catholic League--Catharine de Medici--Philip face

to face with Protestantism--Philip and the Moriscos--Rising of the

Moriscos--Deza at Granada--Don Juan of Austria--Expulsion of the

Moriscos from Andalucia.....115

 

CHAPTER XI

 

Philip and England--Elizabeth seizes his treasure--Spanish plots

against her--Philip and the northern rebellion--The excommunication

of Elizabeth--Ridolfi’s plot--Philip’s hesitancy--Prohibition of

English trade with Spain--Its futility--Alba’s retirement from

Flanders--Philip’s responsibility for Alba’s proceedings--The tenth

penny--Philip’s disapproval--Orange’s approaches to the French.....136

 

CHAPTER XII

 

Philip’s fourth marriage--The killing of Montigny--Anne of

Austria--Philip’s domestic life--His industry--The Escorial--His

patronage of art--His character--Renewed war with the Turks--Don Juan

commands the Spanish force--The victory of Lepanto--Don Juan’s great

projects--Antonio Perez.....153

 

CHAPTER XIII

 

The Spanish troops in Flanders--Don Juan sent to Flanders--His

projects for invading England--Mutiny of the Spanish troops

in Flanders--The Spanish fury--Evacuation of Flanders by the

Spanish troops--Perez’s plot against Don Juan--The murder of

Escobedo--Don Juan seizes Namur--Renewal of the war--The battle

of Gemblours--Desperation of Don Juan--His death--Alexander

Farnese.....168

 

CHAPTER XIV

 

Philip’s ineffectual action against Elizabeth--The Desmond

rebellion--Philip’s conquest of Portugal--Recall of Alba and Granvelle

to Philip’s councils--Don Antonio, Prior of O Crato--Death of Anne

of Austria--Philip in Portugal--Flight of Antonio--His reception in

England and France--The Duke of Alençon--Philip and Mary Stuart--James

Stuart--Fresh proposals of the Scottish Catholics to Philip--Philip

and Granvelle’s views with regard to England--Lennox and the Jesuits

mismanage the plot--Philip’s claim to the English crown--Expulsion

of Mendoza from England--The English exiles urge Philip to invade

England--Sixtus V.--Intrigues in Rome--The Babington plot.....182

 

CHAPTER XV

 

The Infanta to be Queen of England--Approaches of the Scottish

Catholic lords to Philip--Execution of Mary Stuart--Intrigues for

the English succession--Drake’s expedition to Cadiz--The peace

negotiations with Farnese--Preparations for the Armada--Sailing of

the Armada from Lisbon--Its return to Vigo--Medina Sidonia advises

its abandonment--Its strength--Engagements with the English--Panic at

Calais--Final defeat--Causes of the disaster--Philip’s reception of

the news.....202

 

CHAPTER XVI

 

Don Antonio in England--Catharine’s support of him--Strozzi’s

defeat at St. Michaels--Philip’s patronage of assassination--Philip

and the League--Renewal of the war of religion in France--The

murder of Guise--Imprisonment of Antonio Perez and the Princess

of Eboli--Perez’s treachery--His escape to Aragon--The _fueros_

of Aragon--Philip proceeds against Perez--Perez arrested by the

Inquisition of Aragon--Rising in Zaragoza--Perez’s escape--Suppression

of the Aragonese.....223

 

CHAPTER XVII

 

Philip and Mayenne--The English attack upon Lisbon--Assassination

of Henry III.--Philip’s plans in France--The war of the League--The

battle of Ivry--Philip’s attitude towards Mayenne--Farnese enters