A German Reader with Practical Exercises 20

A German Reader with Practical Exercises 20

One hard (~schwer~)

question after another (the other); for example (~zum Beispiel~): How

many times (~wievielmal~) did the sweet (~süß~) seventeen‿year‿old

nod (with) her head before she ran toward her uncle’s house? What

was her brother’s name (~heißen~)? How do you say in German: “I will

pass over the next fortnight”? And how: “I shall pass over the next

fortnight”? Why does the story-teller make (~lassen~) Lindow count

only up‿to (~bis~) eight before he jumps‿off (~abspringen~),--why not

up‿to nine? And then, of course (~natürlich~): That fateful kiss at the

garden‿gate and behind the shrubbery! Why fateful? It was the first,

wasn’t it? Also the last? Oh (~o~) no! The young people met each‿other

(~sich~) again, many, many times (~Mal~), and she became his wife; and

so (~also~): All’s well that ends well (~Ende gut, alles gut~), as the

proverb (~Sprichwort~) has it (it says in‿the proverb).~

 

 

 

 

Wörterbuch.

 

~EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS AND THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE

VOCABULARY.~

 

 

~The vocabulary contains all words found in the text and exercises of

this Reader, except such regularly inflected forms as even the beginner

should recognize at sight.~

 

~=Signs.= In indicating the inflection of nouns a dash (-) is used to

represent the title-word; a dash with the umlaut-sign over it (̈–)

represents the title-word with modification of the root vowel.~

 

~=Nouns=, as a rule, are given in the nominative singular and the

nominative plural, but the latter is omitted when it is identical with

the former or is not in common use. The genitive singular is inserted

between the two if it cannot be readily inferred from the nominative

plural; thus: ~das Auge, -s, -n~.~

 

~=Adjectives= used substantively are given thus: ~der Alte; (kein)

Alter~; [_pl._] ~Alte; die (keine) Alten~; see also ~Besonderes~ and

~das Neue~. Irregularity in the formation of the comparative and

superlative is shown thus: ~alt, älter, der älteste; nah, näher, der

nächste~.~

 

~=Adverbs.= Since most adverbs are identical, in the positive and

comparative, with the uninflected adjective, the English equivalents of

German adverbs are omitted when they can be derived by adding _-ly_ to

the English adjective.~

 

~=Verbs.= The principal parts of regular weak verbs are not listed.

Of all strong or irregular verbs, however, and of all weak verbs

compounded with another than one of the inseparable prefixes, ~be-~,

~emp-~, ~ent-~, ~er-~, ~ge-~, ~ver-~, ~zer-,~ the principal parts are

given in full. Further peculiar or irregular forms are indicated after

the following model: ~sterben~ (infinitive), ~stirbt~ (3rd pers. sg.,

pres. ind.), ~starb~ (3rd pers. sg., past ind.), ~stürbe~ (3rd pers.

sg., past subj.), ~ist gestorben~ (past participle, with ~ist~ to

indicate the inflection of the perfect tenses with ~sein~ instead of

~haben~).~

 

~=Idioms= are listed under the appropriate title-word.~

 

~=Parentheses=, in addition to their ordinary use, enclose material

that may be included in, or omitted from, the translation, or indicate

an alternative form or rendering.~

 

~=Square brackets=, in addition to their use in place of parentheses

within parentheses, enclose explanatory material, grammatical notes,

and directions as to pronunciation.~

 

~=Italic= type is used to call attention to explanatory material and

grammatical notes.~

 

~=Bold-faced= type is used within a paragraph to emphasize the contrast

between the English construction and the German.~

 

~=Small capitals= warn against mistakes commonly made by students whose

mother tongue is English.~

 

~=...= indicate an incomplete quotation.~

 

~=Figures= refer to page and line of this Reader.~

 

~=Pronunciation.= It is assumed that the reader knows the rules for

quantity as indicated by the orthography. Whenever a word deviates

from these rules or is for any reason likely to be mispronounced, its

pronunciation is indicated by the customary signs of length of vowel

and of accent or, when necessary, by respelling, the letters in this

case having the value usual in German (or English, as may be indicated

by the type,) unless a different quality is specifically mentioned. In

most instances the quantity of a vowel is marked only in the first form

but is to be understood as holding good for all inflected forms unless

something to the contrary is indicated. In an unaccented syllable the

sign of length of vowel indicates quality rather than time, save for

the vowel ~a~. A vowel before ~ch~ is to be pronounced as short unless

it is marked long.~

 

~=Accent.= Words with the prefix ~be-~, ~emp-~, ~ent-~, ~er-~, ~ge-~,

~ver-~, or ~zer-~ are accented on the second syllable. All others

-- with the exceptions that are noted -- are accented on the first

syllable. If a word has two syllables stressed equally, or nearly so,

this is indicated as follows: ~al´lerdings´~, ~stein´reich´~. In the

rare cases where it is necessary to indicate secondary stress this is

done by an accent lighter than that used to mark the syllable bearing

the chief stress.~

 

~=Punctuation.= Besides setting off an illustrative example and its

translation, the semicolon is used to separate distinct meanings of

a German word, the various renderings of one general meaning being

separated by commas.~

 

~=Abbreviations= are used as follows: -- _acc._, accusative; _adj._,

adjective, adjectival; _adv._, adverb, adverbial; _art._, article;

_aux._, auxiliary; _cf._, compare, see; _colloqu._, colloquial,

colloquially; _comp._, comparative; _conj._, conjunction; _dat._,

dative; _def._, definite; _demonstr._, demonstrative; _dep._,

dependent; _e.g._, for example; _Encycl. Brit._, Encyclopædia

Britannica, 11th edition; _f._, and following page; _fem._, feminine;

_fut._, future; _gen._, genitive; _i.e._, that is; _imper._,

imperative; _impers._, impersonal; _ind._, indicative; _indef._,

indefinite; _infin._, infinitive; _infl._, inflected, inflection;

_interj._, interjection; _interrog._, interrogative; _intr._,

intransitive; _masc._, masculine; _mod._, modal; _n.b._, note well;

_neut._, neuter; _nom._, nominative; _p._, page; _part._, participle;

_perf._, perfect; _pers._, person, personal; _pl._, plural; _pos._,

positive; _poss._, possessive; _pp._, pages; _pred._, predicate;

_pref._, prefix; _prep._, preposition, prepositional; _pres._, present;

_pron._, pronoun; _refl._, reflexive; _relat._, relative; _sep._,

separable; _sg._, singular; _sub._, subordinate; _subj._, subjunctive;

_subst._, substantive; _superl._, superlative; _tr._, transitive;

_uninfl._, uninflected.~

 

 

A.

 

der =Aal=, -e ~eel~

 

=ăb= ~[~ăp~] _adv._ down;~ auf und ab ~up and down, to and fro;~ von

nun ab ~from this (that) day on (forward)~

 

=ăb= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing 1. removal or separation, 2. direction

downward, 3. deterioration, 4. completion_] off, away, down~

 

der =Ābend=, -e ~evening [_cf._~ Tag~];~ guten Abend ~good evening

[_acc._, _object of_~ ich wünsche (~dir~, _etc._), _which is left

unexpressed, as in English_~]

 

=ābend= ~(in the) evening [_used in adv. phrases after_~ gestern~,~

heute~,~ morgen~, _or the name of a day_]~

 

das =Ābendbrōt=, des -(e)s ~[~⸗ent⸗~] evening meal, supper~

 

das =Ābendlicht=, -er ~[~⸗ent⸗~] evening candle~

 

das =Ābenteuer= ~adventure~

 

=āber= ~[_without effect on the order of words_] but; yet; [_within its

clause_] however [_but not set off by commas_], but, now~

 

=ăbfallen=, fällt ab´, fiel ab´, ist abgefallen ~drop sheer~

 

=ăbgekratzt= ~_see_~ abkratzen

 

=ăbgeliefert= ~_see_~ abliefern

 

=ăbgelȫst= ~_see_~ ablösen

 

=ăbgenommen= ~_see_~ abnehmen

 

=ăbgestorben= ~_see_~ absterben

 

=ăbgetrāgen= ~worn, threadbare, shabby~

 

=ăbgewaschen= ~_see_~ abwaschen

 

=ăbgezehrt= ~wasted (away), emaciated~

 

der =Ăbglanz=, des -es ~(reflected) light (splendor), reflection~

 

=ăbhangen=, hängt ab´, hing ab´, abgehangen ~hang down; depend (upon

~von); alles hängt davon ab, daß ich... ~everything depends (upon this,

namely, that I..., _i.e._,) upon my... [_doing the thing expressed by

the verb in the_ ~daß-~_clause_]~

 

=ăbhängt= ~_see_~ abhangen

 

=ăbholen=, holte ab´, abgeholt ~fetch (call) away, call for (and carry

off)~

 

=ăbkaufen=, kaufte ab´, abgekauft ~buy (something, _acc._) from someone

(_dat._)~

 

=ăbkratzen=, kratzte ab´, abgekratzt ~scratch (scrape) off~

 

=ăblassen=, läßt ab´, ließ ab´, abgelassen ~sell, let one (_dat._)

have, spare~

 

=ăbliefern=, lieferte ab´, abgeliefert ~deliver (up), hand over (to the

authorities)~

 

=ăblösen=, löste ab´, abgelöst ~take off, detach; replace, relieve,

change [_sentry_]~

 

=ăbmāgern=, magerte ab´, ist abgemagert ~grow lean (emaciated), fall

(waste) away~

 

=ăbnehmen=, nimmt ab´, nahm ab´, abgenommen ~remove, take off~

 

=ăbriegeln=, riegelte ab´, abgeriegelt ~(fasten with a) bolt~

 

=ăbscheu´lich= ~horrid, dreadful~

 

der =Ăbschied=, -e ~departure, leave(-taking), parting;~ von einem

Abschied nehmen ~take leave of a person;~ zum Abschied ~in (as a)

farewell~

 

das =Ăb′schiedsgesūch´=, -e ~[~⸗ts⸗~] resignation~

 

der =Ăb′schiedsgrūß´=, ⸗grüße ~[~⸗ts⸗~] farewell (greeting), adieu~

 

=ăbsichtlich= ~[_if emphatic_,~ absicht´lich~] intentional; [_adv._, _also_] deliberately~