398. _Esse_, scil: _patrem_. This ellipsis well expresses the doubt and
hesitation of the speaker.--_Suspicor_. Three MSS. read _suspicer_.
400. _Praecipiti_, critical, dangerous.
401. _Si non etc_. The ancients believed that a god could not, any more
than a man, be in more places than one at the same time. Hence the jest
that Diana could not save her temple at Ephesus from the flames, as she
was aiding the birth of Alexander the Great, in Macedonia.
408. Scil: the fate of Rome.
409. _Appulsus_. Eight MSS. read _impulsus_, which Lenz prefers, as
expressing the force with which the water drove them, but they were not
in the current of a stream, and the motion of the retiring water must
have been very gentle.
412. _Rumina_, from _rumis_ or _ruma_, the same as _mamma_. This must
have been the original name; the derivation from Romulus is futile. In
the time of Varro, as he informs us, (De L. L. iv.) a new _ficus
ruminalis_ was planted in the Comitium, which was standing when the poet
wrote. It withered in the reign of Nero. Pliny, xv. 18.
413. _Feta_, i. e. _enixa_, as the context shews.
416. _Perdere_. Two MSS. read _prodere_._--Cog. manus_. scil: the hands of
Amulius.
417. She shews her affection for the babes by the motion of her tail.
419. They might be known to be the offspring of Mars by the wolf, his
sacred animal, coming to feed them, and by their shewing no signs of
fear.
420. _Promissi_, i. e. destined by nature.
423. Another cause, a Grecian origin, from Mt. Lycaeum, in Arcadia.
424. _Faunus_, scil. Pan,--_Lycaeo_. Pausanius, who mentions [Greek: Zeus
lukaios], does not give this epithet to Pan. He speaks, however, of his
temple on Mt. Lycaeum. In an epigram of Leonidas, we meet [Greek:
lagobola Pani Lukaio].
425. Barren women placed themselves in the way of Luperci, as they ran
about striking people with their goat-skin thongs, as the contact of the
sacred lash was supposed to produce fecundity.--_Herbis_, etc. the usual
modes of obtaining the power of bearing children.
428. _Optatum_. One MS. which is followed by Heinsius and Gierig, has
_optati_.
433. Instead of increasing the number and strength of his people by their
having offspring, he had only brought on himself and them the war with
the Sabines.
435, 436. The grove of Juno Lucina. Varro, L. L. iv.
440. _Mira_, wonderful things.
441. _Italidas_. Several of the best MSS. read _Italias_.--_Sacer hircus_.
Four MSS. read _caper hirtus_, in favour of which, it is urged, that as
the _caper_ was a gelt _hircus_, the wonder was the greater; and v. 445,
a _caper_ is sacrificed. I should feel disposed to adopt this reading,
which is that of Heinsius, Burmann and Gierig.
443. His name has not come down to us.
444. Etruria was renowned for augury.
449, 450. Two derivations of Lucina; one from _lucus_, as if she was so
named from being worshiped in a grove; a second from _lux_, as the light
proceeded from her. This last might identify Juno Lucina with the moon,
and with the Eilcithyia of the Greeks. See Mythology, p. 154.
451. _Facilis_ seems to answer to [Greek: praumaetis], an epithet of
Eilcithyia.
453-458. On the day of the Lupercalia, the sun entered Pisces, and winds
began to blow, which continued for six days.
461. _Dione_, Venus. In Homer, this goddess is the daughter of Dione.
Ovid confounds them, as he does the Hyperion and Helius (_Sol_) of Homer.
462. In the Giant-war. See Mythology, p. 238.
471. Others say, the goddess and her son turned themselves into fishes at
the approach of Typhon.
473, 474. He confounds, in the usual manner, the Aphrodite of the Greeks,
and Venus of the Latins, with the Atergatis or Derceto of the Syrians.--
_Timidi_, scil. _Deorum_, pious.
475. There was no festival, and nothing remarkable on the XIV. Kal. Mart.
The Quirinalia were on the following day. He takes this occasion of
relating the end of Romulus and his apotheosis. See Livy, I. 13. It
occurred on the Nones of Quinctilis.
477-480. Three derivations of the name Quirinus. The first is the true
one. See Mythology, p. 472.
484. _Officio_. The care and labour of Romulus.
487. This is a line of Ennius. It also occurs, Met. xiv. 814.--The poet,
in this account of the Assumption of Romulus, evidently keeps close to
the Annals of the old poet.
491. The _Palus Caprea_, or _Capreae_, was in the Campus Martius.--
_Capreae_. Some MSS. read _Caprae_; one _Capream_, which is adopted by
Heinsius, Burmann and Gierig. The Greeks called it [Greek: aigos hae
zorkos helos].
492. _Jura dabas_. According to most accounts he was reviewing the army.
The poet may, however, have used these words only in a general sense, to
denote any exercise of his authority. The assembly of the Roman people on
the Campus Martius was always regarded as an _exercitus_. See Niebuhr on
the Centuries. Rom. Hist. Vol. I.
493. _Sol. fugit_, in consequence of the darkness. It is not necessary,
with Dionysius and others, to suppose an eclipse.
496. See Hor. Car. III. 3, 15. This circumstance was evidently in the
Annals of Ennius, from which both poets derived it.--_Fit fuga_, hence
this day was also called the _Populifugiun_.
498. _Fides_, belief or opinion.
500. _Luna fulgebat_, consequently there could not have been an eclipse
of the sun. Livy says, that Romulus appeared _prima luce_, at the dawn of
day. Several MSS. read _surgebat_. I prefer the common reading, as the
poet, by saying that Proculus carried no torch, evidently means to
express bright moon-light.
501. _Sinistrae_, the lucky side, according to Etrurian augury.--_Nubes
crepuere_. Several MSS. read _Sepes tremuere_, or _sonuere_.
503. The usual signs of divinity.--_Trabea_. See above, I. 37. Plutarch
says, that Romulus appeared [Greek: huplois lamprois kai phlegousi
kekosmaemenos]. As the poet here uses the word _trabea_, I would take
_jura dabas_ above, v. 492, in its simple sense.
510. _Populos_, the Romans and Sabines, or probably as above, I. 38, for
_cives_. Many MSS. read _patres_.
511. _Collis_, the Quirinal. Festus, with much greater probability,
supposes it to have derived its name from the Sabines from Cures having
settled on it. Niebuhr thinks there was a town on it named Quirium,
whence came the name Quirites, at first peculiar to the Sabine portion of
the Roman people.
512. The Quirinalia were _stativa_. See note on I. 657.
513. Another name for the Quirinalia was the Stultorurn Feriae, because
those who from ignorance, or from having been on a journey, or from want
of time, or any other just cause, had not sacrificed with the rest of the
people on the Fornicalia, which was an indictive festival, (see preceding
note) did so on the Quirinalia. The poet takes this occasion of relating
the supposed origin of the Fornicalia.
519. _Jaciebant_, cast, i. e. sowed.
526. _Temperet_, that is, keep from burning.
527. _Curio_. Romulus, we are told, divided the people into 30 _curiae_,
over each of which was a _curio_. The Curio Maximus presided over the 30
Curiones.--_Leg. verb_. ex gr. _Lavatio Deum Matris est hodie. Jovis
epulum eras est. Aesculapii geritur celebraturque vindemia. Lectisternium
Cereris erit Idibus proximis_. Arnobius, L. vii.
529. _Multa tabella_. On which was inscribed in what Curia each part of
the people was to worship.
533. The Feralia, in honour of the dead, were celebrated on the 19th of
February, as this was formerly the last month of the year. Festus derives
Feralia, _a ferendis epulis vel a feriendis pecudibus_.--Varro, _ab
inferis et ferendo epulas_. The derivation from _inferis_ is nearest the
truth.
537. _Porrectis_. One MS. which is followed by Heinsius, and the other
editors, reads _projectis_.
542. _Sua verba_, suitable words.
545. See Virg aen. v. 94, _et seq_.
548. _Par. dies_, the days on which the Parentalia were celebrated.--
_Deseruere_, neglected.
554. _Deformes_, scil, _simulacra modis pallentia miris_, or, as Lenz
understands it, having no certain form.
557. _Viduae puellae_, either widows, or, if _viduae_ is taken in its
general sense, simply unmarried women. Two MSS. read _avidae_.
558. _Puros dies_, days not devoted to gloomy or melancholy matters, like
the Feralia.
559, 560. _Quae_ etc. opposed, it would appear, to the _viduae_ of v.
557.--_Hasta_. It was the custom to divide the hair of a virgin-bride
with the point of a small spear.
560. Torches were used at funerals and at the _Parentalia_, as well as at
weddings.
563. During this time, the temples of the gods were closed, and no sacred
rites performed.
566. That the souls of the dead loved to partake of food, is an opinion
as old as the time of Homer. See the [Greek: nekuia] in the Odyssey.
567, 568. The Feralia, or last day for appeasing the Manes, was the XII.
Kal. Mart, from which, to the end of the month, there were exactly
eleven; that is, six and five days. Some have thought that the poet meant
six feet only, and that therefore the Feralia were the VI. Kal. Mart,
but this is contradicted by v. 684, and by an ancient calendar which
places them on the XII. Kal. Mart.
569. See note on v. 533.
571. He now relates the rites performed on this day to the goddess Muta
or Tacita, to bind the tongues of detractors. Neapolis thinks that the
reason of uniting them with the Parentalia, may have been to give effect
to the maxim, _de mortuis nil nisi bonum.--Annosa_, Heinsius would read
_vinosa_ or _pannosa_.
574. _Brevis_, i. e. _parvus_.
575. _Plumbo_. Black lead was employed in magic. One or two MSS. read
_rhombo_, which is adopted by Heinsius and Gierig, and which I should
also feel disposed to adopt. The _rhombus_ or spindle, and the black or
party-coloured threads were of great use in magic. See Virg. Ecl. viii.
75.
576. Seven, like three, was a magic number.
578. _Maenae_. The _maena_ was a small fish of little value, which was
salted and eaten by the poorer sort of people. It was used on this
occasion symbolically, and was an appropriate offering to the goddess of
Silence. This, which is the reading of only two MSS. has been adopted by
all the editors: the MSS. in general read _menta_ or _mintha_.
581. _Vinximus_. _Vincire_ was the appropriate word to express the
hindrance of any action by magic art.
583. This legend must have been invented long after the Romans had become
acquainted with Grecian Mythology, as their ancient religion knew nothing
of choirs of nymphs, or of amours of the gods. See Mythology, p. 450.
585. _Indomita_, [Greek: adamasto]. Many MSS. read _immodico_, and
_victus_ for _captus_.
598. The nymphs of the Anien, the god of which, according to our poet
(Am. III. 6, 45,) espoused the mother of Romulus. Horace (Car. I. 2, 17,)
unites her to the god of the Tiber.
600. That is, her name was 615. The Romans had both Lala, from _lalia_.
601. He makes her the daughter of the god of the river Almo.
605. _Nuptam_ scil. Junonem. The common reading of the MSS. is _nuptas_;
some have _nymphae_ or _nympnam. It is evident that the poet wished to
express the busy meddling loquacity of Lara, as it would have sufficed to
set Juturna on her guard.
615. The Romans had both public and private Lares. The word Las is
Etruscan and signified _Lord_. See V. 1238, _et seq_. and Mythology, pp.
481.482.
617--638. On the XI. Kal. Mart. was held the domestic feast, named the
Caristia, from _carus_. "Convivium etiam solemne majores instituerunt,
idque Caristia appellaverunt, cui praeter cognatos et affines nemo
interponebatur; ut si qua inter necessarios querela esset orta, apud
sacra mensae et inter hilaritatem animorum, fautoribus concordiae
adhibitis, tolleretur." Valer. Max. II. 1.
619. He gives the reason why the Caristia followed immediately after the
Feralia, that the dead might visit their friends, and have their share of
the feast. See above note on v. 566.
625. Who thinks his father or mother lives too long.
628. Ino. For all the persons mentioned here, see my Mythology, under
their names.
631. The Genii, and all the domestic gods, were called _Di boni_, [Greek:
agathoi daimones]. The Lares or Penates are meant here.
633. _Libate dapes_. Place a portion of the food (_dapes_) on a _patella_
to be set before the gods, i. e. the _Lares_. _Libare, dapes, patella_
and _honor_, are all the appropriate terms.
634. _Incinctos_, that is, _succinctos_. See V. 2l7. 675. Persius Sat.
V.3l.
635. _Nox ultima_, the latter part of the night towards morning, Most
MSS. read _humida_.
636. _Larga_. One or two MSS. read parca, which Heinsius and Gierig adopt
without hesitation,--_Precaturi manu_. Heinsius conjectures _precaturae
manus_, which reading is adopted by Gierig. In their editions the line
runs thus: _Parca precaturae sumite vina manus_.
637. It was considered highly culpable not to join the name of the prince
in their supplications on occasions like this. Hence we seem to have
derived the custom of drinking the king's health.
639. On the VIII. Kal. Mart. was the festival of the Terminalia,
instituted, as was said, by Numa.
640. The Terminus or boundary, which also represented the god, was either
a stone or a post of wood placed in the ground.
643. He here gives a minute description of the mode of worshiping the god
of boundaries.--_Duo domini_, the owners of the ground on both sides.
644. _Bina_, same as _duo_.
645. _Curto testu_, a small earthen vessel. Heinsius has proved by
abundant examples, that this was a usual sense of _curtus_.
648. _Rami_. These were driven into the ground, or rather into the
sod-built altar, to keep the wood which was piled up from tumbling about.
650. _Canistra_, the basket in which were the corn, &c. to be used.
654. _Candida_, clad in white.
659. This is the hymn of the poet, rather than of the rustics.
663. The well-known story of the combat between three hundred
Lacedaemonians and as many Argives, for the possession of Thyrea. See
Herod. I. 82. Lucian, Charon, Valerius Maximus, &c.
665. _Lectus_, read; for when the three surviving Argives had run home
with the news of their victory, thinking all the enemies dead, he got up,
piled a trophy, and inscribed it with his blood. All the MSS. read
_tectus_; _lectus_ is the conjecture of Barthius, as Statius, Theb. iv.
47, says, _Et Lacedaemonium Thyre lectura cruorem_. It is almost certain
that it is the true reading; the exclamation in the following line
appears to confirm it.
667. See the story in Livy, I. 55.
669. _Inventus_. Five MSS. read _conventus_, which Heinsius and Gierig
have adopted. Gierig interprets it _cum ad eum convenissent augures_. I
must doubt if _conventus_ ever occurs in this passive sense. Burmann
proposes _tunc lentus_.
670. _Unde in Capitolio superna pars tecti patet quae lapidem ipsum
Termini spectat, nam Termino non nisi, sub divo sacrificabatur_. Servius
on aen. ixx. 448.
680. It is well known that aeneas landed in this part of the country. See
Virgil, Livy, &c.
682. The boundary of the Roman dominion was at one time between the fifth
and sixth milestone on the Laurentine way.--How it was enlarged in the
days of the poet! A sacrifice to Terminus was still offered on that spot.
684. A play on words.
685. The _Regifugium_, or banishment of the Tarquins, is placed by the
poet on the 24th February, the VIII. Kal. Mart. One very ancient MS.
reads _quintus_, which reading is adopted by Neapolis and by Petavius,
who accuses Ovid of gross negligence. One MS. reads _Septimus extremo_.
687. See the whole history in Livy, I. Niebuhr (Rom. Hist, I. 486,)
justly gives the palm to the narrative of the historian over that of our
poet. The modern historian's criticism of the whole story is exceedingly
well worthy of perusal.
690. Livy, I. 53. It is the story of Zopyrus, transferred from Herodotus
(III. 154,) to the Roman history.
694. _Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae_. Virg.
703. This also is taken from Herodotus, (v. 92) who tells us that
Thrasybulus, the tyrant of Miletus, employed the same mode of giving
counsel to Periander.
704. _Sectus_. Most MSS. read _septus_. The former is much to be
preferred. _Seco_ is frequently used of rivers.
706. In the ordinary narrative they are poppies.
713. The poet in his haste or negligence confounds matters here, for this
response was given to their question, of who should be king of Rome. See
Livy.
716. _Turba_. There were but two sons of Tarquin sent to consult the
oracle.
729. _Torus socialis_, i.e. _uxor_.--_In officio_, faithful. _Fundanos
in officio esse_. Liv. viii. 19.
733. _Cui clarum_, etc. When Tarquin took Collatia from the Sabines, he
made his uncle, Egerius, governor of it, whose son was thence named
Collatinus. A different, and much more probable origin of names of this
kind, is given by Niebuhr. Rom. Hist. I. 293.
739. _Nurum_, the wife of Sextus Tarquinius. Nodell ad Avian, p. 108,
proposes _nurus_. It is _nurus_ in Livy. The poet (v. 725,) has, however,
spoken of but one of the young Tarquinii.--_Coronis_, several MSS. read
_capillis_, but compare v. 772.
744. _Tenui_, a low, soft voice.
746. _Lacerna_, a thick, warm, military cloak.
747. This is said to intimate the retired life which Lucretia led.
749. You will certainly be conquered at last; you hold out against better
(i.e. braver) men. _Dum pugnant Danai dum restat barbarus Hector_,
Propert, III. 7, 31. _Nunc paucis plures vix restatis_. Liv. xxiii. 45.
755. _Intenta_, drawn. Most MSS. read _incepta_.
765. _Et quod_, etc. Her modesty. _Tum forma, tum spectata castitas
incitat_. Livy.
785. _aerata_, covered with brass.
787. _Hostis ut hospes_. This play on words was not disdained even by
Livy, who puts it in the mouth of Lucretia herself.
788. He was second cousin to Collatinus.
807. Compare v. 809. _Pro crimine_, as a means of criminating you.
808. _Adulter_, scil. Sextus himself.
825. _Hoc_, scil. that I am obliged to relate my own disgrace. How
infinitely superior is Livy here. It is probable that he kept much closer
to Ennius than Ovid chose to do.
833. Euripides (Hec. 568,) says of Polyxena [Greek: hae de kai thnaeskous
omos Pollaen pronoian eichen euschaemos pesein].
837. Brutus signifies _stupid, foolish_. Niebuhr shews well the
inconsistencies and contradictions in the whole history of Brutus.
845. _Ad verba_. Eight MSS. read _adversa_.--_Sine lumine_, as being now
sunk in death.
846. _Concussa coma_. Gierig thinks this is an allusion to the Jupiter of
Homer, and condemns it; most justly, no doubt, if it is such, but of that
I am by no means certain.
847. _Fertur_ scil. effertur_.
848. Tears for her own hard fate; hatred (_invidia, odium_) of the
tyrant.
853. Columella, xi. 2, says, that the, swallow is seen on the VII. Kal.
Mart, Pliny, II. 47, says, _Favonium quidam a. d. viii. Kal. Mart.
Chelidoniam vacant ab hirundinis visu.--Veris praenuntia_ [Greek: haeros
angelos imerophonos aaedon]. Sappho.
854. _Qua_ scil. _parte_.
855. For Progne and Tereus, see Met. vi. 425, _et seq_. Mythology, p.
341.
857. The Equiria or horseraces on the Campus Martius, in honour of Mars,
were held on the III. Kal. Mart.
861. Your month (_tua tempora_) demands a place in my poem.
864. _Mihi_. Five MSS. read _mea_.
LIBER III.
Bellice, depositis clypeo paullisper et hasta,
Mars, ades, et nitidas casside solve comas.
Forsitan ipse roges, quid sit cum Marte poetae.
A te, qui canitur, nomina mensis habet.
Ipse vides manibus peragi fera bella Minervae; 5
Num minus ingenuis artibus illa vacat?
Palladis exemplo ponendae tempora sume
Cuspidis; invenies et quod inermis agas.
Tum quoque inermis eras, quum te Romana sacerdos
Cepit, ut huic urbi semina digna dares. 10
Silvia Vestalis--quid enim vetat inde moveri?--
Sacra lavaturas mane petebat aquas.
Ventum erat ad molli declivem tramite ripam:
Ponitur e summa fictilis urna coma.
Fessa resedit humi, ventosque accepit aperto 15
Pectore, turbatas restituitque comas.
Dum sedet, umbrosae salices volucresque canorae?
Fecerunt somnos, et leve murmur aquae.
Blanda quies victis furtim subrepit ocellis,
Et cadit a mento languida facta manus. 20
Mars videt hanc, visamque cupit, potiturque cupitam,
Et sua divina furta fefellit ope.
Somnus abit: jacet illa gravis. Jam scilicet intra
Viscera, Romanae conditor urbis, eras.
Languida consurgit, nec scit, cur languida surgat, 25
Et peragit tales arbore nixa sonos:
Utile sit faustumque, precor, quod imagine somni
Vidimus! An somno clarius illud erat?
Ignibus Iliacis aderam, quum lapsa capillis
Decidit ante sacros lanea vitta focos. 30
Inde duae pariter--visu mirabile--palmae
Surgunt. Ex illis altera major erat,
Et gravibus ramis totum protexerat orbem,
Contigeratque nova sidera summa coma.
Ecce meus ferrum patruus molitur in illas! 35
Terreor admonitu, corque timore micat.
Martia picus avis gemino pro stipite pugnant
Et lupa. Tuta per hos utraque palma fuit.
Dixerat: et plenam non firmis viribus urnam
Sustulit.--Implerat, dum sua visa refert.-- 40
Interea crescente Remo, crescente Quirino,
Coelesti tumidus pondere venter erat.
Quo minus emeritis exiret cursibus annus,
Restabant nitido jam duo signa deo:
Silvia fit mater. Vestae simulacra feruntur 45
Virgineas oculis opposuisse manus.
Ara deae certe tremuit, pariente ministra,
Et subiit cineres territa flamma suos.
Haec ubi cognovit contemptor Amulius aequi,
--Nam raptas fratri victor habebat opes-- 50
Amne jubet mergi geminos. Scelus unda refugit:
In sicca pueri destituuntur humo.
Lacte quis infantes nescit crevisse ferino,
Et picum expositis saepe tulisse cibos?
Non ego te, tantae nutrix Larentia gentis, 55
Nec taceam vestras, Faustule pauper, opes.
Vester honos veniet, quum Larentalia dicam:
Acceptus Geniis illa December habet.
Martia ter senos proles adoleverat annos,
Et suberat flavae jam nova barba comae: 60
Omnibus agricolis armentorumque magistris
Iliadae fratres jura petita dabant.
Saepe domum veniunt praedonum sanguine laeti,
Et redigunt actos in sua rura boves.
Ut genus audierunt, animos pater editus auget, 65
Et pudet in paucis nomen habere casis:
Romuleoque cadit trajectus Amulius ense,
Regnaque longaevo restituuntur avo.
Moenia conduntur, quae, quamvis parva fuerunt,
Non tamen expediit transiluisse Remo. 70
Jam, modo qua fuerant silvae pecorumque recessus,
Urbs erat, aeternae quum pater urbis ait:
Arbiter armorum, de cujus sanguine natus
Credor, et ut credar, pignora certa dabo,
A te principium Romano ducimus anno: 75
Primus de patrio nomine mensis eat.
Vox rata fit, patrioque vocat de nomine mensem.
Dicitur haec pietas grata fuisse deo.
Et tamen ante omnes Martem coluere priores;
Hoc dederat studiis bellica turba suis; 80
Pallada Cecropidae, Minoia Creta Dianam,
Vulcanum tellus Hypsipylea colit:
Junonem Sparte Pelopeiadesque Mycenae:
Pinigerum Fauni Maenalis ora caput.
Mars Latio venerandus erat, quia praesidet armis. 85
Arma ferae genti remque decusque dabant.
Quod si forte vacas, peregrinos inspice fastos:
Mensis in his etiam nomine Martis erit.
Tertius Albanis, quintus fuit ille Faliscis:
Sextus apud populos, Hernica terra, tuos. 90
Inter Aricinos Albanaque tempora constant
Factaque Telegoni moenia celsa manu.
Quintum Laurentes, bis quintum Aequicolus asper,
A tribus hunc primum turba Curensis habet.
Et tibi cum proavis, miles Peligne, Sabinis 95
Convenit: hic genti quartus utrique deus.
Romulus, hos omnes ut vinceret ordine saltem,
Sanguinis auctori tempora prima dedit.
Nec totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuere Kalendas,
Ille minor geminis mensibus annus erat. 100
Nondum tradiderat victas victoribus artes
Graecia, facundum, sed male forte genus.
Qui bene pugnabat, Romanam noverat artem;
Mittere qui poterat pila, disertus erat.
Quis tunc aut Hyadas, aut Pliadas Atlanteas 105
Senserat, aut geminos esse sub axe polos?
Esse duas Arctos, quarum Cynosura petatur
Sidoniis, Helicen Graja carina notet?
Signaque, quae longo frater percenseat anno,
Ire per haec uno inense sororis equos? 110
Libera currebant, et inobservata per annum
Sidera: constabat sed tamen esse deos.
Non illi coelo labentia signa movebant,
Sed sua: quae magnum perdere crimen erat.
Illa quidem feno; sed erat reverentia feno, 115
Quantam nunc aquilas cernis habere tuas.
Pertica suspensos portabat longa maniplos:
Unde maniplaris nomina miles habet.
Ergo animi indociles et adhuc ratione carentes
Mensibus egerunt lustra minora decem. 120
Annus erat, decimum quum luna repleverat orbem.
Hic numerus magno tunc in honore fuit;
Seu quia tot digiti, per quos numerare solemus:
Seu quia bis quino femina mense parit:
Seu quod adusque decem numero crescente venitur; 125
Principium spatiis sumitur inde novis.
Inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes
Romulus, Hastatos instituitque decem;
Et totidem Princeps, totidem Pilanus habebat
Corpora, legitimo quique merebat equo. 130
Quin etiam paries totidem Titiensibus idem,
Quosque vocant Ramnes, Luceribusque dedit.
Assuetos igitur numeros servavit in anno.
Hoc luget spatio femina maesta virum.
Neu dubites, primae fuerint quin ante Kalendae 135
Martis, ad haec animum signa referre potes,
Laurea Flaminibus, quae toto perstitit anno,
Tollitur, et frondes sunt in honore novae.
Janua nunc Regis posita viret arbore Phoebi:
Ante tuas fit idem, Curia Prisca, fores. 140
Vesta quoque ut folio niteat velata recenti,
Cedit ab Iliacis laurea cana focis.
Adde, quod arcana fieri novus ignis in aede
Dicitur, et vires flamma refecta capit.
Nec mihi parva fides, annos hinc isse priores, 145
Anna quod hoc coepta est mense Perenna coli.
Hinc etiam veteres initi memorantur honores
Ad spatium belli, perfide Poene, tui.
Denique quintus ab hoc fuerat Quintilis, et inde
Incipit, a numero nomina quisquis habet. 150
Primus oliviferis Romam deductus ab arvis
Pompilius menses sensit abesse duos:
Sive hoc a Samio doctus, qui posse renasci
Nos putat, Egeria sive monente sua.
Sed tamen errabant etiam tunc tempora, donec 155
Caesaris in multis haec quoque cura fuit.
Non haec ille deus, tantaeque propaginis auctor,
Credidit officiis esse minora suis,
Promissumque sibi voluit praenoscere coelum,
Nec deus ignotas hospes inire domos, 160
Ille moras solis, quibus in sua signa rediret,
Traditur exactis disposuisse notis.
Is decies senos tercentum et quinque diebus
Junxit, et e pleno tempora quarta die.
Hic anni modus est. In lustrum accedere debet, 165
Quae consummatur partibus, una dies.
Si licet occultus monitus audire deorum
Vatibus, ut certe fama licere putat,
Quum sis officiis, Gradive, virilibus aptus,
Dic mihi, matronae cur tua festa colant. 170
Sic ego. Sic posita dixit mihi casside Mavors;
Sed tamen in dextra missilis hasta fuit:
Nunc primum studiis pacis deus utilis armis
Advocor, et gressus in nova castra fero.
Nec piget incepti; juvat hac quoque parte morari, 175
Hoc solam ne se posse Minerva putet.
Disce, Latinorum vates operose dierum,
Quod petis, et memori pectore dicta nota.
Parva fuit, si prima velis elementa referre,
Roma: sed in parva spes tamen hujus erat. 180
Moenia jam stabant, populis angusta futuris,
Credita sed turbae tunc nimis ampla suae.
Quae fuerit nostri, si quaeris, regia nati,
Adspice de canna straminibusque domum.
In stipula placidi carpebat munera somni, 185
Et tamen ex illo venit in astro toro.
Jamque loco majus nomen Romanus habebat,
Nec conjux illi, nec socer ullus erat.
Spernebant generos inopes vicinia dives,
Et male credebar sanguinis auctor ego. 190
In stabulis habitasse, boves pavisse, nocebat,
Jugeraque inculti pauca tenere soli.
Cum pare quaeque suo coeunt volucresque feraeque,
Atque aliquam, de qua procreet, anguis habet.
Extremis dantur connubia gentibus: at, quae 195
Romano vellet nubere, nulla fuit.
Indolui, patriamque dedi tibi, Romule, mentem.
Tolle preces, dixi: quod petis, arma dabunt.
Festa para Conso.--Consus tibi cetera dicet
Illo facta die, quum sua sacra canes.-- 200
Intumuere Cures, et quos dolor attigit idem,
Tum primum generis intulit arma socer.
Jamque fere raptae matrum quoque nomen habebant,
Tractaque erant longa bella propinqua mora,
Conveniunt nuptae dictam Junonis in aedem, 205
Quas inter mea sic est nurus orsa loqui:
O pariter raptae,--quoniam hoc commune tenemus--
Non ultra lente possumus esse piae.
Stant acies: sed utra di sint pro parte rogandi,
Eligite; hinc conjux, hinc pater arma tenent, 210
Quaerendum, viduae fieri malimus an orbae.
Consilium vobis forte piumque dabo.
Consilium dederat: parent, crinemque resolvunt,
Maestaque funerea corpora veste tegunt.
Jam stabant acies ferro mortique paratae: 215
Jam lituus pugnae signa daturus erat:
Quum raptae veniunt inter patresque virosque,
Inque sinu natos, pignora cara, ferunt.
Ut medium campi passis tetigere capillis,
In terram posito procubuere genu; 220
Et, quasi sentirent, blando clamore nepotes
Tendebant ad avos brachia parva suos.
Qui poterat, clamabat avum tum denique visum,
Et qui vix poterat, posse coactus erat.
Tela viris animique cadunt, gladiisque remotis 225
Dant soceri generis accipiuntque manus;
Laudatasque tenent natas, scutoque nepotem
Fert avus: hic scuti dulcior usus erat.
Inde diem, quae prima, meas celebrare Kalendas
Oebalides matres non leve munus habent. 230
An, quia committi strictis mucronibus ausae
Finierant lacrimis Martia bella suis?
Vel, quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,
Rite colunt matres sacra diemque meum?
Quid? quod hiems adoperta gelu nunc denique cedit, 235
Et pereunt victae sole tepente nives;
Arboribus redeunt detonsae frigore frondes,
Vividaque e tenero palmite gemma tumet;
Quaeque diu latuit, nunc, se qua tollat in auras,
Fertilis occultas invenit herba vias. 240
Nunc fecundus ager: pecoris nunc hora creandi:
Nunc avis in ramo tecta laremque parat.
Tempora jure colunt Latiae fecunda parentes,
Quarum militiam votaque partus habet.
Adde, quod, excubias ubi rex Romanus agebat, 245
--Qui nunc Esquilias nomina collis habet--
Illic a nuribus Junoni templa Latinis
Hac sunt, si memini, publica facta die.
Quid moror, et variis onero tua pectora causis?
Eminet ante oculos, quod petis, ecce tuos. 250
Mater amat nuptas: matrum me turba frequentant.
Haec nos praecipue tam pia causa decet.
Ferte deae flores: gaudet florentibus herbis
Haec dea: de tenero cingite flore caput.
Dicite, Tu lucem nobis, Lucina, dedisti; 255
Dicite, Tu voto parturientis ades.
Si qua tamen gravida est, resoluto crine precetur,
Ut solvat partus molliter illa suos.
Quis mihi nunc dicet, quare coelestia Martis
Arma ferant Salii, Mamuriumque canant? 260
Nympha, mone, nemori stagnoque operata Dianae:
Nympha, Numae conjux, ad tua facta veni.
Vallis Aricinae silva praecinctus opaca
Est lacus antiqua religione sacer.
Hic latet Hippolytus furiis distractus equorum: 265
Unde nemus nullis illud initur equis.
Licia dependent longas velantia sepes,
Et posita est meritae multa tabella deae.
Saepe potens voti, frontem redimita coronis,
Femina lucentes portat ab urbe faces. 270
Regna tenent fortesque manu, pedibusque fugaces;
Et perit exemplo postmodo quisque suo.
Defluit incerto lapidosus murmure rivus:
Saepe, sed exiguis haustibus, inde bibi.
Egeria est, quae praebet aquas, dea grata Camenis. 275
Illa Numae conjux consiliumque fuit.
Principio nimium promptos ad bella Quirites
Molliri placuit jure deumque metu.
Inde datae leges, ne firmior omnia posset,
Coeptaque sunt pure tradita sacra coli. 280
Exuitur feritas, armisque potentius aequum est,
Et cum cive pudet conseruisse manus.
Atque aliquis, modo trux, visa jam vertitur ara,
Vinaque dat tepidis salsaque farra focis.
Ecce deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas 285
Spargit, et effusis aethera siccat aquis.
Non alias missi cecidere frequentius ignes.
Rex pavet, et vulgi pectora terror habet.
Cui dea, Ne nimium terrere! piabile fulmen
Est, ait, et saevi flectitur ira Jovis. 290
Sed poterunt ritum Picus Faunusque piandi
Prodere, Romani numen uterque soli.
Nec sine vi tradent; adhibeto vincula captis!
Atque ita, qua possint, erudit, arte capi.
Lucus Aventino suberat niger ilicis umbra, 295
Quo posses viso dicere, numen inest.
In medio gramen, muscoque adoperta virenti
Manabat saxo vena perennis aquae.
Inde fere soli Faunus Picusque bibebant.
Huc venit, et Fonti rex Numa mactat ovem, 300
Plenaque odorati dis ponit pocula Bacchi,
Cumque suis antro conditus ipse latet.
Ad solitos veniunt silvestria numina fontes,
Et relevant multo pectora sicca mero.
Vina quies sequitur: gelido Numa prodit ab antro, 305
Vinclaque sopitas addit in arcta manus.
Somnus ut abscessit, tentando vincula pugnant
Rumpere: pugnantes fortius illa tenent.
Tum Numa, Di nemorum, factis ignoscite nostris,
Si scelus ingenio scitis abesse meo; 310
Quoque modo possit fulmen, monstrate, piari.
Sic Numa. Sic quatiens cornua Faunus ait:
Magna petis, nec quae monitu tibi discere nostro
Fas sit. Habent fines numina nostra suos.
Di sumus agrestes, et qui dominemur in altis 315
Montibus. Arbitrium est in sua tela Jovi.
Hunc tu non poteris per te deducere coelo:
At poteris nostra forsitan usus ope.
Dixerat haec Faunus: par est sententia Pici.
Deme tamen nobis vincula, Picus ait. 320
Jupiter huc veniet summa deductus ab arce.
Nubila promissi Styx mihi testis erit.
Emissi quid agant laqueis, quae carmina dicant,
Quaque trahant superis sedibus arte Jovem,
Scire nefas homini. Nobis concessa canentur, 325
Quaeque pio dici vatis ab ore licet.
Eliciunt caelo te, Jupiter; unde minores
Nunc quoque te celebrant, Eliciumque vocant.
Constat Aventinae tremuisse cacumina silvae,
Terraque subsedit pondere pressa Jovis. 330
Corda micant regis, totoque e pectore sanguis
Fugit, et hirsutae diriguere comae.
Ut rediit animus, Da certa piamina, dixit,
Fulminis, altorum rexque paterque deum,
Si tua contigimus manibus donaria puris, 335
Hoc quoque, quod petitur, si pia lingua rogat.
Annuit oranti: sed verum ambage remota
Abdidit, et dubio terruit ore virum.
Caede _caput_, dixit. Cui rex, Parebimus, inquit:
Caedenda est hortis eruta _cepa_ meis. 340
Addidit hic, _Hominis. Summos_, ait ille, _capillos_.
Postulat hic _animam_. Cui Numa, _Piscis_, ait.
Risit, et, His, inquit, facito mea tela procures,
O vir colloquio non abigende deum!
Sed tibi, protulerit quum totum crastinus orbem 345
Cynthius, imperii pignora certa dabo.
Dixit, et ingenti tonitru super aethera motum
Fertur, adorantem destituitque Numam.
Ille redit laetus, memoratque Quiritibus acta.
Tarda venit dictis difficilisque fides. 350
At certe credemur, ait, si verba sequatur
Exitus. En, audi crastina, quisquis ades.
Protulerit terris quum totum Cynthius orbem,
Jupiter imperii pignora certa dabit.
Discedunt dubii, promissaque tarda videntur, 355
Dependetque fides a veniente die.
Mollis erat tellus rorataque mane pruina;
Ante sui populus limina regis adest.
Prodit et in solio medius consedit acerno.
Innumeri circa stantque silentque viri. 360
Ortus erat summo tantummodo margine Phoebus:
Sollicitae mentes speque metuque pavent.
Constitit, atque caput niveo velatus amictu
Jam bene dis notas sustulit ille manus.
Atque ita, Tempus adest promissi muneris, inquit, 365
Pollicitam dictis, Jupiter, adde fidem.
Dum loquitur, totum jam sol evolverat orbem,
Et gravis aetherio venit ab axe fragor.
Ter tonuit sine nube deus, tria fulgura misit.
Credite dicenti; mira, sed acta, loquor. 370
A media coelum regione dehiscere coepit:
Submisere oculos cum duce turba suo.
Ecce levi scutum versatum leniter aura
Decidit. A populo clamor ad astra venit.
Tollit humo munus caesa prius ille juvenca, 375
Quae dederat nulli colla premenda jugo;
Idque _ancile_ vocat, quod ab omni parte recisum est,
Quaque notes oculis angulus omnis abest.
Tum, memor imperii sortem consistere in illo,
Consilium multae calliditatis init. 380
Plura jubet fieri simili caelata figura,
Error ut ante oculos insidiantes eat.
Mamurius, morum fabraene exactior artis,
Difficile est ulli dicere, clausit opus.
Cui Numa munificus, Facti pete praemia, dixit: 385 |
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