503-508. The _furor divinus_ comes over her; her hair is disheveled; her
countenance becomes stern; by signs she directs the steersman to turn the
ship to the land; she is hardly restrained from jumping out of the
vessel.
510. Romulus and the Caesars--the flattery of the poet.
511. _Hospita_, stranger.
515-518. The future greatness of Rome.
519. The fleet of Aeneas. All the following events occur in the last six
books of the Aeneis.
520. _Femina_, Lavinia.
521. Pallas, the son of Evander, slain by Turnus, and avenged by Aeneas.
523, 524. The future conquest of Greece by the Romans. Virg. aen. I. 283.
525. Troy was walled by Neptune. Eight MSS. read _moenia_ for _Pergama_.
526. _Num_, etc. Are those ashes (of Troy) nevertheless not higher than
the whole world? i.e. Will not Rome spring from them?
527. A tradition, followed by Cato, Strabo, Dio Cassius, and others,
related that Anchises came to Italy. Perhaps Ovid followed the same
tradition.
528. According to Dionysius. (I. 67,) the temple of the Penates, whom
Aeneas brought from Troy, was near that of Vesta. Others (Tacit. An. xv.
41) thought that they were in the temple of that goddess.
529. Julius Caesar who was Pontifex Maximus, and was deified after his
death. Some think it is Augustus who is meant.
531. _Augustos_ seems to be equivalent to _Caesares_.
532. _Hanc domum_, scil: the Caesarian.
533. Tiberius, by adoption the son of Augustus, and grandson of Julius
Caesar, both of whom were deified. His affected reluctance to accept the
imperial dignity is well known. Tac. An. I. _init_.
534. _Pondera_, the weight of empire.
536. _Augusta Julia_. Livia, the wife of Augustus, adopted by his
testament into the Julian family. This prediction of the poet was
accomplished by the emperor Claudius, who placed Livia among the gods.
539. _Exsul_, Evander.
540. The poet had probably his own miserable place of exile in view.
542. _Arcade_, Evander.
543. Hercules, when driving the oxen of Geryon from the isle of Erythea.
See Mythology, p. 320.
545. For this adventure with Cacus, see Virg. aen. viii. 190, _et. _seq_.
Liv. I. 7.--Tegeaea, Arcadian.
553. _Pro corpore_, suited to his body.
559. _Servata male_, having ill kept, i.e. lost.
560. _Furta_, the stolen oxen.
564. _Opus_. The Greeks used their [Greek: ergon] in the same sense.
Homer says that twenty-two waggons (_juga_) would not have moved the rock
with which Polyphemus closed the mouth of his cave.
565. When he supported the heavens for Atlas. See Mythology, p. 324.
575. _Occupat_, attacks him. _Jussit quatuor admoveri, canes, qui
celeriter occupavere feram_. Curtius, ix.--_Clava trinodis_, his knotty
club. It was of the wood of the _oleaster_ ([Greek: kotinos]) or wild
olive.--_Trinodis_, a definite for an indefinite.
581, 582. The Ara Maxima of Hercules was in the Forum Boarium. According
to Virgil, it was built by Evander.
583, 584. The apotheosis of Hercules.
587, 588. The usual sacrifice to Jupiter on the Ides, was a lamb, (see
above, v. 57,) here it is a wether.
589. On the Ides of January, A.U.C. 727, Octavianus, after a speech full
of hypocritical moderation, restored to the Senate and People such of the
provinces as were in a state of tranquillity, retaining those which were
still disturbed.--The Senate, on account of this, decreed him the title
of Augustus.
591. _Generosa atria_, the halls of the different noble families at
Rome.--_Ceras_, the waxen images of their ancestors, under which were
inscribed their titles and actions.
593. _Africa_ etc. P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus.--_Isauruas_. P.
Servilius Isauricus.
594. _Cretum_. Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus.
595. _Numidae_. another Q. Caecilius Metellus, the predecessor of Marius,
in the war against Jugurtha.--_Messana_. Claudius Caudex was sent to the
aid of the Mamertines in Messana. He relieved the town, but derived no
title from it. His statue and deeds, however, stood in the Atrium of the
Claudii.
596. _Numantina_. Scipio aemilianus.
597. _Druso_. Drusus, the brother of Tiberius, and father of Germanicus,
to whom the poem is dedicated, died in consequence of a broken leg,
caused by his horse falling on him in the summer-camp on the Rhine,
A.U.C. 745. The senate decreed the title of Germanicus to him and his
children.
598. _Quam brevis_. How shortlived! Paterculus speaks in high terms of
the virtues of Drusus. See also Hor. Car. iv. 4.
599. _Caesar_. C. Julius Caesar.
601. T. Manlius Torquatus. Liv. viii. 10.
602. M. Valerius Corvinus. Liv. vii. 26.
603. _Magne_. Cn. Pompeius Magnus.
604. C. Julius Caesar.
605, 606. When Fabius (A.U.C. 449.) divided the lower class of people
into the four tribes named the _Urbanas_ he was given the title of
Maximus, which adhered to his family.--_Nec gradus ullus_, of comparison,
playing on the _magne_ of v. 603.
608. _Hic_. Augustus.
609. The Greeks rendered Augustus by [Greek: sebastus], from [Greek:
sebo], to venerate. This name was considered beyond any human title.
610. _Sacerd. manu_. The Pontifex, when dedicating a temple, held one of
the door-posts.
611. I do not think, with Gierig, that the poet derives _augurium_ from
_augustus_. It appears to me that he deduces them both from _augeo_.
_Loca quoque religiosa et in quibus augurato quid consecratur augusta
dicantur ab auctu vel ab avium gestu gustuve_. Suet. Aug. 7.
614. An oak-leaf garland, the symbol of protection, hung over the door of
the Palatium; a laurel, the emblem of victory, stood on each side.
615. Tiberius, who bore the name of Augustus.
617-636. The Carmentalia were repeated on the 18th Kal. Feb. or the 15th
of the month.
617. _Actas_, scil. _exactas_, past.
619. _Matres_. scil. _Matronae_.--_Carpenta_, the _carpentum_, was a
covered two-wheel carriage. The etymon given by the poet is unworthy of
attention.
629. _Scortea_, things made of skin or leather.
631. _Precanti_, by any one who is praying.
633. Porrima. This goddess is so named only in this place, and by
Servius, on aen. viii. 336. Macrobius (Sat. I. 7.) calls her Antevorta.
Varro, _apud_. A. Gellius (N. A. xvi. 6.) speaking of women who had a
difficult labour, says, _hujus periculi deprecandi causa arae statutae sunt
Romae duabus Carmentibus; quarum altera Postverta nominata est, Prosa
(alii Prorsa) altera; a recti perversique partus et potestate et nomine_.
We have here the true meaning of this feast of the Carmentalia, about
which our poet has been puzzling.
634. _Nympha_, scil. Carmenta. Virg. aen. viii. 336. Thus Homer, (II. in.
130,) calls Helen a _nymph_. See Mythology, p. 206, note. For _nympha_,
in this place, eight MSS. read _diva_.
635. _Porro_, usually denotes the future; in this place, it evidently
denotes the past. Burmann knows no other instance of its occurrence in
this sense.
637. On the following day, the xvii. Kal. Feb. the most ancient of the
five temples of Concord at Rome, had been vowed, A.U.C. 386, by L. Furius
Camillus. It was repaired and dedicated anew by Tiberius, A.U.C. 762. The
temple of Juno Moneta (_Warner_) stood on the site of the house of
Manlius on the Capitol; a flight of 100 steps led from the temple of
Concord up to it.--_Candida lux_, auspicious day, as being that on which
the temple of Concord was dedicated.--_Niveo_, as being built of marble.
639. The temple being on the side of the Capitol over the Forum.
640. _Sacratae manus_ of Tiberius. Every thing belonging to the emperor
was _sacratum_ and _sanctum_.
641. _Antiquum_, scil. templum? Neapolis, I think is wrong, in taking
_antiquum_ to be used adverbially for _olim_, and joining it with _pop.
sup. Etr_. Burmann, as he enclosed it in brackets, also understood it
adverbially. _Antiquum_, which is unquestionably the right reading, is
that of only three MSS. The others read _antiquam_ or _antiquus_, or
_antiqui_ or _antiquo_.--_Populi_, etc. merely a designation of Furius,
and has nothing to do with the occasion of the vow,--_Ante_, olim.
643. On the occasion of the Licinian rogations. Niebuhr, on this subject,
prefers the authority of Ovid to that of Livy, who says, _Prope ad
secessionem.--venit_.
644. _Opes_, the Plebeians.
645. A compliment to Tiberius. The first temple was built in consequence
of civil discord; the second, in consequence of victories gained over the
most formidable foes of Rome.--_Passos_, etc. Germany (i.e. the Germans)
holds forth her dishevelled locks, vanquished by the Roman arms, under
thine auspices. _Jam tibi captivos mittet Germania crines; Culta
triumphatae munere gentis eris_, says our poet (Am. I. 14,) to a lady, as
the false hair used at Rome mostly came from Germany. Nations, when
conquered, were said _porrigere_, to surrender, those things for which
they were distinguished. Thus he says, (Trist. II. 227,) _Nunc porrigit
arcus Parthus eques timida captaque manu_, see below, V. 593. It is
therefore supposed, that a condition of the peace was the delivery of a
large quantity of hair for the use of the Roman wig-makers. There is
nothing very sublime in this.
646. _Dux_, Tiberius.
647. _Libasti_, You have offered.
648. _Quam colis ipse_, by your love of peace.
649. _Haec_. scil. templa. This place is very obscure. Some MSS. read
_hanc.--Rebus_, the commentators say, by the harmony in which she lived
with Augustus.--_Ara_, by an altar, which they suppose she placed in the
temple of Concord.
650. _Magni Jovis_, Augustus, the vicegerent of Jove on earth.
651. The passage of the sun into Aquarius, the xvi. Kal. Feb.--_Haec_.
scil. tempora. The first editions, and two MSS. read _transieris_. Two
other MSS. read _transierit_, which I should incline to prefer, and make
_haec_ refer to _dies_ or to _lux_, v. 637. Heinsius would read _Nox_, or
_Lux ubi transierit_.
653, 654. On the 10th Kal. Feb. Lyra sets heliacally.--_Oriens_, scil.
Sol.
655, 656. The following day (Jan. 24,) Regulus, the bright star in the
breast of the Lion, sets cosmically. The poet is mistaken here; according
to Colunnella, he sets on the 27th of January.
657, 658. The Romans (see Macrob. Sat. I.) had two kinds of festivals,
the _Stativae_ and the _Conceptivaae_. The former were fixed to certain
days, and were marked in the Fasti; such were the Agonalia, Carmentalia,
Lupercalia, etc.: the latter were annually given out, (_indicebantur_)
for certain, or even uncertain days, by the magistrates or priests; such
were the Feriae Latinae, the Paganalia, Sementinae, Compitalia, etc. Seven
MSS. read _Sementinae_; seven read _Sementiva_; twelve _Sementita_.
_Sementinae_ (seu _vae) feriae: dies is appellatus a Sementi, quod Sationis
causa susceptae_. Varro. L. LV.
661. The time was well known, but not the exact day.
669. _Pagus_. Servius Tullius divided the Roman territory into _Pagi_. In
each Pagus was an altar, on which a common sacrifice was offered every
year by the _Pagani_, or people of the Pagus. This festival was called
the Paganalia. The origin of our word Pagan, is curious. As the country
people held out longest against Christianity, Pagan became equivalent to
heathen, and we find it at last applied to Mohammedans!--_Lustrate_, by
leading the victims round it. See Virg. G. I. 339, _et seq_. Ovid here
follows Tibullus, Eleg. II. 1.
670. _Liba_, [Greek: pelanoi], cakes brought by the different families of
the _pagus_.
675. _Consortes operum_, Ceres and Tellus.
693. The ancients parched the _far_ before they ground it. It was
afterwards baked.
701. _Tuae_ scil. Germanici.--_Religata_, etc. Virg. aen. I. 291. _et
seq_.
707. A.U.C. 769. Tiberius built a temple to Castor and Pollux, which he
inscribed with his own name, and that of his brother Drusus.--_Gente
Deorum_, the Caesarian family.
709, 710. The Romans erected no altar to Peace until A.U.C. 741.
Sacrifices were offered on it on the 30th of January and of March.
711. _Actiacis_. Because the battle of Actium gave peace to the world.
There is an allusion to Apollo Actius, and the laurel.
717. _Primus_, the near.
721. _Domus_, the Caesarian family.
LIBER II.
Janus habet finem: cum carmine crescit et annus.
Alter ut hinc mensis, sic liber alter eat.
Nunc primum velis, elegi, majoribus itis:
Exiguum, memini, nuper eratis opus.
Ipse ego vos habui faciles in amore ministros, 5
Quum lusit numeris prima juventa suis.
Idem sacra cano, signataque tempora fastis.
Ecquis ad haec illuc crederet esse viam?
Haec mea militia est: ferimus, quae possumus, arma,
Dextraque non omni munere nostra vacat. 10
Si mihi non valido torquentur pila lacerto,
Nec bellatoris terga premuntur equi,
Nec galea tegimur, nec acuto cingimur ense:
--His habilis telis quilibet esse potest--
At tua prosequimur studioso pectore, Caesar, 15
Nomina, per titulos ingredimurque tuos.
Ergo ades, et placido paulum mea munera vultu
Respice, pacando si quid ab hoste vacas.
_Februa_ Romani dixere piamina patres:
Nunc quoque dant verbo plurima signa fidem. 20
Pontifices ab Rege petunt et Flamine lanas,
Quis veteri lingua _Februa_ nomen erat;
Quaeque capit lictor domibus purgamina certis,
Torrida cum mica farra, vocantur idem.
Nomen idem ramo, qui caesus ab arbore pura 25
Casta sacerdotum tempora fronde tegit.
Ipse ego Flaminicam poscentem februa vidi:
Februa poscenti pinea virga data est.
Denique quodcumque est, quo pectora nostra pientur,
Hoc apud intonsos nomen habebat avos. 30
Mensis ab his dictus, secta quia pelle Luperci
Omne solum lustrant, idque piamen habent;
Aut quia placatis sunt tempora pura sepulcris,
Tunc quum ferales praeteriere dies,
Omne nefas omnemque mali purgamina causam 35
Credebant nostri tollere posse senes.
Graecia principium moris fuit. Illa nocentes
Impia lustratos ponere facta putat.
Actoriden Peleus, ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci
Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas. 40
Vectam frenatis per inane draconibus aegeus
Credulus immerita Phasida juvit ope.
Amphiaraides Naupactoo Acheloo,
Solve nefas, dixit. Solvit et ille nefas.
Ah nimium faciles, qui tristia crimina caedis 45
Fluminea tolli posse putetis aqua!
Sed tamen--antiqui ne nescius ordinis erres--
Primus, ut est, Jani mensis et ante fuit.
Qui sequitur Janum, veteris fuit ultimus anni;
Tu quoque sacrorum, Termine, finis eras. 50
Primus enim Jani mensis, quia janua prima est;
Qui sacer est imis Manibus, imus erat.
Postmodo creduntur spatio distantia longo
Tempora bis quini continuasse Viri.
Principio mensis Phrygiae contermina Matri 55
Sospita delubris dicitur aucta novis.
Nunc ubi sint illis, quaeris, sacrata Kalendis
Templa deae: longo procubuere die.
Cetera ne simili caderent labefacta ruina,
Cavit sacrati provida cura ducis, 60
Sub quo delubris sentitur nulla senectus.
Nec satis est homines, obligat ille deos.
Templorum positor, templorum sancte repostor,
Sit superis, opto, mutua cura tui.
Dent tibi coelestes, quos tu coelestibus, annos, 65
Proque tua maneant in statione domo.
Tum quoque vicini lucus celebratur Asyli,
Qua petit aequoreas advena Tibris aquas.
Ad penetrale Numae, Capitolinumque Tonantem,
Inque Jovis summa caeditur arce bidens. 70
Saepe graves pluvias adopertus nubibus Auster
Concitat, aut posita sub nive terra latet.
Proximus Hesperias Titan abiturus in undas
Gemmea purpureis quum juga demet equis,
Illa nocte aliquis tollens ad sidera vultum 75
Dicet: Ubi est hodie, quae Lyra fulsit heri?
Dumque Lyram quaeret, medii quoque terga Leonis
In liquidas subito mersa notabit aquas.
Quem modo caelatum stellis Delphina videbas,
Is fugiet visus nocte sequente tuos; 80
Seu fuit occultis felix in amoribus index,
Lesbida cum domino seu tulit ille lyram.
Quod mare non novit, quae nescit Ariona tellus?
Carmine currentes ille tenebat aquas.
Saepe sequens agnam lupus est hac voce retentus: 85
Saepe avidum fugiens restitit agna lupum:
Saepe canes leporesque umbra cubuere sub una,
Et stetit in saxo proxima cerva leae;
Et sine lite loquax cum Palladis alite cornix
Sedit, et accipitri juncta columba fuit. 90
Cynthia saepe tuis fertur, vocalis Arion,
Tamquam fraternis obstupuisse modis.
Nomen Arionium Siculas impleverat urbes,
Captaque erat lyricis Ausonis ora sonis.
Inde domum repetens puppim conscendit Arion, 95
Atque ita quaesitas arte ferebat opes.
Forsitam, infelix, ventos undamque timebas;
At tibi nave tua tutius aequor erat.
Namque gubernator destricto constitit ense,
Ceteraque armata conscia turba manu. 100
Quid tibi cum gladio? dubiam rege, navita, pinum.
Non sunt haec digitis arma tenenda tuis.
Ille metu pavidus, Mortem non deprecor, inquit:
Sed liceat sumpta pauca referre lyra.
Dant veniam, ridentque moram. Capit ille coronam, 105
Quae possit crines, Phoebe, decere tuos.
Induerat Tyrio bis tinctam murice pallam:
Reddidit icta suos pollice chorda sonos:
Flebilibus veluti numeris canentia dura
Trajectus penna tempora cantat olor. 110
Protinus in medias ornatus desilit undas;
Spargitur impulsa caerula puppis aqua.
Inde--fide majus--tergo delphina recurvo
Se memorant oneri supposuisse novo.
Ille sedens citharamque tenet, pretiumque vehendi 115
Cantat, et aequoreas carmine mulcet aquas.
Di pia facta vident; astris delphina recepit
Jupiter, et stellas jussit habere novem.
Nunc mihi mille sonos, quoque est memoratus Achilles,
Vellem, Maeonide, pectus inesse tuum. 120
Dum canimus sacras alterno carmine Nonas,
Maximus hinc fastis accumulatur honos.
Deficit ingenium, majoraque viribus urgent.
Haec mihi praecipuo est ore canenda dies.
Quid volui demens elegis imponere tantum 125
Ponderis? heroi res erat ista pedis.
Sancte Pater Patriae, tibi plebs, tibi Curia nomen
Hoc dedit, hoc dedimus nos tibi nomen Eques.
Res tamen ante dedit; sero quoque vera tulisti
Nomina; jam pridem tu pater orbis eras. 130
Hoc tu per terras, quod in aethere Jupiter alto,
Nomen habes; hominum tu pater, ille deum.
Romule, concedas; facit hic tua magna tuendo
Moenia: tu dederas transilienda Remo.
Te Tatius, parvique Cures, Caeninaque sensit; 135
Hoc duce Romanum est solis utrumque latus.
Tu breve nescio quid victae telluris habebas:
Quodcumque est alto sub Jove, Caesar habet.
Tu rapis, hic castas duce se jubet esse maritas.
Tu recipis luco, submovet ille nefas. 140
Vis tibi grata fuit, florent sub Caesare leges;
Tu domini nomen, principis ille tenet.
Te Remus incusat, veniam dedit hostibus ille.
Coelestem fecit te pater, ille patrem.
Jam puer Idaeus media tenus eminet alvo, 145
Et liquidas mixto nectare fundit aquas.
En etiam, si quis Borean horrere solebat,
Gaudeat: a Zephyris mollior aura venit.
Quintus ab aequoreis nitidum jubar extulit undis
Lucifer, et primi tempora veris erunt. 150
Ne fallare tamen, restant tibi frigora, restant,
Magnaque discedens signa reliquit hiems.
Tertia nox veniat: Custodem protinus Ursae
Adspicies geminos exseruisse pedes.
Inter Hamadryadas jaculatricemque Dianam 155
Callisto sacri pars fuit una chori.
Illa deae tangens arcus, Quos tangimus, arcus,
Este meae testes virginitatis, ait.
Cynthia laudavit, promissaque foedera serva,
Et comitum princeps tu mihi, dixit, eris. 160
Foedera servasset, si non formosa fuisset.
Cavit mortales: ab Jove crimen habet.
Mille feras Phoebe silvis venata redibat,
Aut plus, aut medium sole tenente diem.
Ut tetigit lucum,--densa niger ilice lucus, 165
In medio gelidae fons erat altus aquae--
Hac, ait, in silva, virgo Tegeaeae, lavemur.
Erubuit falso virginis illa sono.
Dixerat et Nymphis: Nymphae velamina ponunt.
Hanc pudet, et tardae dat mala signa morae. 170
Exuerat tunicas: uteri manifesta tumore
Proditur indicio ponderis ipsa sui.
Cui Dea, Virgineos, perjura Lycaoni, coetus
Desere, nec castas pollue, dixit, aquas.
Luna novum decies implerat cornibus orbem: 175
Quae fuerat virgo credita, mater erat.
Laesa furit Juno, formam mutatque puellae.
Quid facis? invito pectore passa Jovem est.
Utque ferae vidit turpes in pellice vultus,
Hujus in amplexus Jupiter, inquit, eat. 180
Ursa per incultos errabat squalida montes,
Quae fuerat summo nuper amanda Jovi.
Jam tria lustra puer furto conceptus agebat,
Quum mater nato est obvia facta suo.
Illa quidem, tamquam cognosceret, adstitit amens, 185
Et gemuit: gemitus verba parentis erant.
Hanc puer ignarus jaculo fixisset acuto,
Ni foret in superas raptus uterque domus.
Signa propinqua micant. Prior est, quam dicimus _Arcton_;
_Arctophylax_ formam terga sequentis habet. 190
Saevit adhuc canamque rogat Saturnia Tethyn,
Maenaliam tactis ne lavet Arcton aquis.
Idibus agrestis fumant altaria _Fauni_,
Hic ubi discretas insula rumpit aquas.
Haec fuit illa dies, in qua Vejentibus arvis 195
Ter centum _Fabii_ ter cecidere duo.
Una domus vires et onus susceperat urbis:
Sumunt gentiles arma professa manus.
Egreditur castris miles generosus ab isdem,
E quis dux fieri quilibet aptus erat. 200
Carmentis portae dextro via proxima Jano est.
Ire per hanc noli, quisquis es, omen habet.
Ill fama refert Fabios exisse trecentos.
Porta vacat culpa; sed tamen omen habet.
Ut celeri passu Cremeram tetigere rapacem, 205
--Turbidus hibernis ille fluebat aquis--
Castra loco ponunt: destrictis ensibus ipsi
Tyrrhenum valido Marte per agmen eunt:
Non aliter, quam quum Libyca de rupe leones
Invadunt sparsos lata per arva greges. 210
Diffugiunt hostes, inhonestaque vulnera tergo
Accipiunt: Tusco sanguine terra rubet.
Sic iterum, sic saepe cadunt. Ubi vincere aperte
Non datur, insidias armaque caeca parant.
Campus erat: campi claudebant ultima colles, 215
Silvaque montanas occulere apta feras.
In medio paucos armentaque rara relinquunt:
Cetera virgultis abdita turba latet.
Ecce, velut torrens undis pluvialibus auctus
Aut nive, quae Zephyro victa tepente fluit, 220
Per sata perque vias fertur, nec, ut ante solebat,
Riparum clausas margine finit aquas:
Sic Fabii latis vallem discursibus implent,
Quosque vident, spernunt, nec etus alter inest.
Quo ruitis, generosa domus? male creditur hosti. 225
Simplex nobilitas, perfida tela cave.
Fraude perit virtus. In apertos undique campos
Prosiliunt hostes, et latus omne tenent.
Quid facient pauci contra tot millia fortes?
Quidve, quod in misero tempore restet, habent? 230
Sicut aper silvis longe Laurentibus actus
Fulmineo celeres dissipat ore canes;
Mox tamen ipse perit: sic non moriuntur inulti,
Vulneraque alterna dantque feruntque manu.
Una dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes: 235
Ad bellum missos perdidit una dies.
Ut tamen Herculeae superessent semina gentis,
Credibile est ipsos consuluisse deos.
Nam puer impubes et adhuc non utilis armis
Unus de Fabia gente relictus erat, 240
Scilicet, ut posses olim tu, Maxime, nasci,
Cui res cunctando restituenda foret.
Continuata loco tria sidera, Corvus et Anguis,
Et medius Crater inter utrumque jacet.
Idibus illa latent: oriuntur nocte sequenti. 245
Quae sibi cur tria sint consociata, canam.
Forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollemne parabat:
--Non faciet longas fabula nostra moras--
I mea, dixit, avis, ne quid pia sacra moretur,
Et tenuem vivis fontibus affer aquam. 250
Corvus inauratum pedibus cratera recurvis
Tollit, et aerium pervolat altus iter.
Stabat adhuc duris ficus densissima pomis:
Tentat eam rostro: non erat apta legi.
Immemor imperii sedisse sub arbore fertur, 255
Dum fierent tarda dulcia poma mora.
Jamque satur nigris longum rapit unguibus hydrum,
Ad dominumque redit, fictaque verba refert:
Hic mihi causa morae, vivarum obsessor aquarum:
Hic tenuit fontes officiumque meum. 260
Addis, ait, culpae mendacia? Phoebus, et audes
Fatidicum verbis fallere velle deum?
At tibi, dum lactens haerebit in arbore ficus,
De nullo gelidae fonte bibantur aquae.
Dixit, et antiqui monumenta perennia facti 265
Anguis, Avis, Crater, sidera juncta micant.
Tertia post Idus nudos Aurora Lupercos
Adspicit, et Fauni sacra bicornis erunt.
Dicite, Pierides, sacrorum quae sit origo,
Attigerint Latias unde petita domos. 270
Pana deum pecoris veteres coluisse feruntur
Arcades. Arcadiis plurimus ille jugis.
Testis erit Pholoe, testes Stymphalides undae,
Quique citis Ladon in mare currit aquis,
Cinctaque pinetis nemoris juga Nonacrini, 275
Altaque Cyllene, Parrhasiaeque nives.
Pan erat armenti custos, Pan numen equarum:
Munus ob incolumes ille ferebat oves.
Transtulit Evander silvestria numina secum.
Hic, ubi nunc urbs est, tum locus urbis erat. 280
Inde deum colimus, devectaque sacra Pelasgis.
Flamen ad haec prisco more Dialis erat.
Cur igitur currant, et cur--sic currere mos est--
Nuda ferant posita corpora veste, rogas.
Ipse deus velox discurrere gaudet in altis 285
Montibus, et subitas concitat ille feras.
Ipse deus nudus nudos jubet ire ministros:
Nec atis ad cursum commoda vestis erat.
Ante Jovem genitum terras habuisse feruntur
Arcades, et Luna gens prior illa fuit. 290
Vita feris similis, nullos agitata per usus:
Artis adhuc expers et rude vulgus erat.
Pro domibus frondes norant, pro frugibus herbas:
Nectar erat palmis hausta duabus aqua.
Nullus anhelabat sub adunco vomere taurus: 295
Nulla sub imperio terra colentis erat:
Nullus adhuc erat usus equi, se quisque ferebat.
Ibat ovis lana corpus amicta sua.
Sub Jove durabant, et corpora nuda gerebant,
Docta graves imbres et tolerare Notos. 300
Nunc quoque detecti referunt monumenta vetusti
Moris, et antiquas testificantur opes.
Sed, cur praecipue fugiat velamina Faunus,
Traditur antiqui fabula plena joci.
Forte comes dominae juvenis Tirynthius ibat: 305
Vidit ab excelso Faunus utrumque jugo.
Vidit, et incaluit, Montanaque numina, dixit,
Nil mihi vobiscum est; haec meus ardor erit.
Ibat odoratis humeros perfusa capillis
Maeonis, aurato conspicienda sinu. 310
Aurea pellebant rapidos umbracula soles,
Quae tamen Herculeae sustinuere manus.
Jamque nemus Bacchi, Tmoli vineta, tenebat,
Hesperus et fusco roscidus ibat equo,
Antra subit tophis laqueataque pumice vivo; 315
Garrulus in primo limine rivus erat.
Dumque parant epulas potandaque vina ministri,
Cultibus Alciden instruit illa suis.
Dat tenues tunicas Gaetulo murice tinctas:
Dat teretem zonam, qua modo cincta fuit. 320
Ventre minor zona est: tunicarum vincla relaxat,
Ut possit vastas exseruisse manus.
Fregerat armillas non illa ad brachia factas.
Scindebant magni vincula parva pedes.
Ipsa capit clavamque gravem spoliumque leonis, 325
Conditaque in pharetra tela minora sua.
Sic epulis functi, sic dant sua corpora somno,
Et positis juxta secubuere toris.
Causa: repertori vitis pia sacra parabant,
Quae facerent pure, quum foret orta dies. 330
Noctis erat medium: quid non amor improbus audet?
Roscida per tenebras Faunus ad antra venit,
Utque videt somno comites vinoque solutos,
Spem capit in dominis esse soporis idem,
Intrat, et huc illuc temerarius errat adulter, 335
Et praefert cautas subsequiturque manus,
Venerat ad strati captata cubilia lecti,
Et prima felix sorte futurus erat.
Ut tetigit fulvi setis hirsuta leonis
Vellera, pertimuit, sustinuitque manum, 340
Attonitusque metu riguit: ut saepe viator
Turbatum viso rettulit angue pedem.
Inde tori, qui junctus erat, velamina tangit
Mollia, mendaci decipiturque nota.
Cetera tentantem cubito Tirynthius heros
Reppulit. E summo decidit ille toro. 350
Fit sonus: inclamat comites, et lumina poscit
Maeonis. Illatis ignibus acta patent.
Ille gemit lecto graviter dejectus ab alto,
Membraque de dura vix sua tollit humo.
Ridet et Alcides, et qui videre jacentem: 355
Ridet amatorem Lyda puella suum.
Veste deus lusus fallentes lumina vestes
Non amat, et nudos ad sua sacra vocat.
Adde peregrinis causas, mea Musa, Latinas,
Inque suo noster pulvere currat equus. 360
Cornipedi Fauno caesa de more capella,
Venit ad exiguas turba vocata dapes;
Dumque sacerdotes verubus transsuta salignis
Exta parant, medias sole tenente vias,
Romulus et frater, pastoralisque juventus, 365
Solibus et campo corpora nuda dabant,
Caestibus, et jaculis, et missi pondere saxi
Brachia per lusus experienda dabant.
Pastor ab excelso, Per devia rura juvencos,
Romule, praedones, eripe, dixit, agunt. 370
Longum erat armari. Diversis exit uterque
Partibus; accursu praeda recepta Remi.
Ut rediit, verubus stridentia detrahit exta:
Atque ait, Haec certe non nisi victor edet.
Dicta facit, Fabiique simul. Venit irritus illuc 375
Romulus, et mensas ossaque nuda videt.
Risit, et indoluit Fabios potuisse Remumque
Vincere: Quinctilios non potuisse suos.
Fama manet facti. Posito velamine currunt:
Et memorem famam, quod bene cessit, habet. 380
Forsitan et quaeras, cur sit locus ille _Lupercal_,
Quaeve diem tali nomine causa notet.
Ilia Vestalis coelestia semina partu
Ediderat, patruo regna tenente suo.
Is jubet auferri pueros et in amne necari. 385
Quid facis? ex istis Romulus alter erit.
Jussa recusantes peragunt lacrimosa ministri;
Flent tamen, et geminos in loca jussa ferunt.
Albula, quem Tibrin mersus Tiberinus in unda
Reddidit, hibernis forte tumebat aquis. 390
Hic, ubi nunc Fora sunt, lintres errare videres,
Quaque jacent valles, Maxime Circe, tuae.
Hic ubi venerunt,--neque enim procedere possunt
Longius--ex illis unus et alter, ait:
At quam sunt similes! at quam formosus uterque! 395
Plus tamen ex illis iste vigoris habet.
Si genus arguitur vultu, ni fallit imago,
Nescio quem vobis suspicor esse deum.
At si quis vestrae deus esset originis auctor,
In tam praecipiti tempore ferret opem. 400
Ferret opem certe, si non ope mater egeret,
Quae facta est uno mater et orba die.
Nata simul, moritura simul, simul ite sub undas
Corpora. Desicrat; deposuitque sinu,
Vagierunt clamore pari: sentire putares. 405
Hi redeunt udis in sua tecta genis.
Sustinet impositos summa cavus alveus unda.
Heu quantum fati parva tabella tulit!
Alveus in limo silvis appulsus opacis,
Paullatim fluvio deficiente, sedet. 410
Arbor erat: remanent vestigia, quaeque vocatur
Rumina nunc ficus, Romula ficus erat.
Venit ad expositos--mirum--lupa feta gemellos.
Quis credat pueris non nocuisse feram?
Non nocuisse parum est: prodest quoque: quos lupa nutrit,415
Perdere cognatae sustinuere manus.
Constitit, et cauda teneris blanditur alumnis,
Et fingit lingua corpora bina sua.
Marte satos scires; timor abfuit: ubera ducunt,
Nec sibi promissi lactis aluntur ope. 420
Illa loco nomen fecit; locus ipse Lupercis.
Magna dati nutrix praemia lactis habet.
Quid vetat Arcadio dictos a monte Lupercos?
Faunus in Arcadia templa Lycaeus habet.
Nupta, quid exspectas? non tu pollentibus herbis, 425
Nec prece, nec magico carmine mater eris.
Excipe fecundae patienter verbera dextrae:
Jam socer optatum nomen habebit avi.
Nam fuit illa dies, dura quum sorte maritae
Reddebant uteri pignora rara sui. 430
Quid mihi, clamabat, prodest rapuisse Sabinas,
Romulus--hoc illo sceptra tenente fuit--
Si mea non vires, sed bellum injuria fecit!
Utilius fuerat non habuisse nurus.
Monte sub Esquilio, multis incaeduus annis 435
Junonis magnae nomine lucus erat,
Huc ubi venerunt, pariter nuptaeque virique
Suppliciter posito procubuere genu.
Quum subito motae tremuere cacumina silvae,
Et dea per lucos mira locuta suos, 440
Italidas matres, inquit, sacer hircus inito!
Obstupuit dubio territa turba sono.
Augur erat: nomen longis intercidit annis:
Nuper ab Etrusca venerat exsul humo.
Ille caprum mactat. Jussae sua terga puellae 445
Pellibus exsectis percutienda dabant.
Luna resumebat decimo nova cornua motu,
Virque pater subito, nuptaque mater erat.
Gratia Lucinae: dedit haec tibi nomina lucus,
Aut quia principium tu, dea, lucis habes. 450
Parce, precor, gravidis, facilis Lucina, puellis,
Maturumque utero molliter effer onus.
Orta dies fuerit: tu desine credere ventis,
Perdidit illius temporis aura fidem.
Flamina non constant: et sex reserata diebus 455
Carceris aeolii janua laxa patet.
Jam levis obliqua subsedit Aquarius urna.
Proximus aetherios excipe, Piscis, equos.
Te memorant fratremque tuum--nam juncta micatis
Signa--duos tergo sustinuisse deos. 460
Terribilem quondam fugiens Typhona Dione,
Tunc quum pro coelo Jupiter arma tulit,
Venit ad Euphraten comitata Cupidine parvo,
Inque Palaestinae margine sedit aquae.
Populus et cannae riparum summa tenebant, 465
Spemque dabant salices, hos quoque posse tegi.
Dum latet, intonuit vento nemus. Illa timore
Pallet, et hostiles credit adesse manus;
Utque sinu natum tenuit, Succurrite Nymphae,
Et dis auxilium ferte duobus, ait. 470
Nec mora, prosiluit. Pisces subiere gemelli;
Pro quo nunc dignum sidera munus habent.
Inde nefas ducunt genus hoc imponere mensis,
Nec violant timidi piscibus ora Syri.
Proxima lux vacua est: at tertia dicta Quirino. 475
Qui tenet hoc nomen, Romulus ante fuit;
Sive quod hasta _curis_ priscis est dicta Sabinis:
--Bellicus a telo venit in astra deus--
Sive suum regi nomen posuere Quirites:
Seu quia Romanis junxerat ille Cures. 480
Nam pater armipotens, postquam nova moenia vidit,
Multaque Romulea bella peracta manu,
Jupiter, inquit, habet Romana potentia vires:
Sanguinis officio non eget illa mei.
Redde patri natum: quamvis intercidit alter, 485
Pro se, proque Remo, qui mihi restat, erit.
Unus erit, quem tu tolles in caerula coeli;
Tu mihi dixisti: sint rata dicta Jovis.
Jupiter annuerat; nutu tremefactus uterque
Est polus, et coeli pondera sensit Atlas. 490
Est locus: antiqui Capreae dixere paludem.
Forte tuis illic, Romule, jura dabas.
Sol fugit, et removent subeuntia nubila coelum,
Et gravis effusus decidit imber aquis,
Hinc tonat, hinc missis abrumpitur ignibus aether. 495
Fit fuga: rex patris astra petebat equis.
Luctus erat, falsaeque Patres in crimine caedis;
Haesissetque animis forsitan illa fides:
Sed Proculus Longa veniebat Julius Alba,
Lunaque fulgebat, nec facis usus erat: 500
Quum subito motu nubes crepuere sinistrae.
Rettulit ille gradus, horrueruntque comae.
Pulcher, et humano major, trabeaque decorus
Romulus in media visus adesse via,
Et dixisse simul, Prohibe lugere Quirites: 505 |
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